Today due to the outrageous logging and industrial deforestation of big trees, we all are in danger to be left with fewer green areas in the world, so that it is imperative the recycling of the paper.  At first instance the raw material to produce  paper is obtained from the pulp taken from the thick logs of those big trees, however we have  come to the conclusion that we no longer can afford to continue burning away the paper that with today’s technology could easily be re-used again for different purposes. At present any kind of paper is suitable for being recycled with the exception of some sorts of papers such as those highly contaminated, those that are laminated, waxed or  containing metals or concrete whose mechanization would turn them too difficult to process and expensive to  recycle due to the method to which they need to be submitted, however from the percentages point of view, the amount of that type of paper is really scarce in comparison to the regular paper, taken in a daily bases from newspapers, supermarket boxes, paper bags, magazines, phone books or cardboards that flourish over in our everyday environment or roll down the streets in tons upon any city in the country.

Recycling paper is a simple and easy process that taken to industrial levels turns it into a highly profitable business. After the collection of certain amount comes the classification process, that lot of paper received is first selected and cut into relatively small pieces (such as paper streamers) by an industrial machinery, it is then carried over huge tanks with moving blades where it is moistened with water at high temperatures followed by the suppression and is added chemicals for discoloration and to debug any pollutant or inks out of the material, (usually hydrogen peroxide, or in some cases hydro-sulfite) once it is converted into a cotton-like material some fresh pulp is added.  On this process stage  the mixture is sometimes called "pulp" and in order to avoid any degradation it can be repowered up with a new amount of fresh pulp to match its quality, it is then rinsed out and ready to be turned into white blocks ready to be reused even up to seven times into different types of paper according to  industrial request. The fact of recycling the paper is way more advantageous than to do it for the first time due to the large amount of energy saved when it is compared to the original process, as well as there are less contamination levels of both water and air to the manufacturing process of the first time.

 It is unimaginable the daily amount of paper that could be recycled in Venezuela, a resource that is not only endless but also costless and that would provide material for the national and international markets and would stop in once the paper shortage, that each month obstructs the activities of the national industry and the Venezuelans themselves.

 

C) THE GLASS RECYCLING.

One of the best properties of glass is that it can be recycled infinitely preserving its quality,  the glass is originally deriving from geological materials such as the silica, the sand and the lime-stone (sodium carbonate) whose content is a composition of silicon dioxide and a percentage of sodium oxide, however those experts in the making of glass know that some of these elements must be kept separated in the process of manufacturing different types of glasses, such as the ordinary glass and the glass that will be used to create heat resistant utensils (borosilicate glass) used in the manufacturing of  "Pyrex" implements such as those to make cupcake pans or type of glass that can withstand extreme heat or direct contact with fire, or  those so called safety glass or (bulletproof) whose manufacture is performed by melting portions of polycarbonates-thermoplastic-glass  and laminated glass, which become resistant by an abrupt process of temperature changes, the use of certain chemicals or  interposing layers of  polyvinyl Butyraldehyde, (ch₃(ch₂)₂cho) polyurethane or ethylene vinyl acetate.
Because the glass keeps its color even after its molten state it is imperative to separate them by color, either green colors (such as green bottles) or brownish (like malted drink bottles) any other color or just clear without any tone. (Usually silicates). However in a glass recycling plant we are not worry about "making" new glass from these geological elements but simply recycling it, which is even easier and more profitable.

 

This glass recycling plant included in  the “Mother Project Waste”  will be able to recycle all glass archetypal into different types of containers such as bottles, jars, glass for common windows, illuminated blocks for walls, bank security glass, glass for armored vehicles and countless of usages that definitely may solve the national requirements and will fulfil the export purposes. It is said that the market for bottles and glass containers is unimaginably large, considering the fact that almost all spirit liquids such as beers and wines plus refreshments, medicines, water and a multitude of products require to be contained in this material.
The industrial process of recycling glass is quite simple even more artless than metal and plastic, since after receipt, it is proceeded to the cleaning and disinfection process and then to a color  classification and type of glass  (colors are small amounts of iron, sulfur or carbon that provide color). After this procedure it is passed by shredding machines that turns it into an almost homogeneous powder, it then is transferred to  industrial furnaces whose temperatures range between 2.600-2.800°F degrees Fahrenheit or other temperatures according to the type of glass intended to be produced, once it passes through the liquefaction process it is converted into an incandescent cone and placed into molds of endless forms to have the final product after the cooling-off process, whether to be new bottles, new vases, new glasses for windows, test tubes for laboratory specimens  etc., All of them will  pass through a  quality department to be examined and make sure no bubbles or scratches are present and then to be placed into boxes and stored them ready for a business marketing where the profit is almost complete due to  the original raw material that was all costless.

 

D) RECYCLING POLYMERS (PLASTICS OR RUBBERS).

The polymer recycling can be divided into several facets according to their chemical composition, polymers are materials mostly coming from fossil elements and some of them come from plants such as the Rubber tree “Hevea Brasiliensis” whose raw material used to be manufactured in order to create the rubber intended for vehicle tires. In modern industry the rubber-tree was replaced by synthetic elements coming from the petroleum. The first step in the plastic recycling process  is to categorize them by the type of polymers contained, called (resins) such as "polyethylene terephthalate" (PET) or (PETP) which is a resin of thermoplastic polymer   derived from the “Polyesters” source,  and its fibers are used mostly in the manufacturing of soda bottles, tarpaulins, plastic sheeting or textiles whose liquid contents are mixed with glass fibers at high temperatures, other categories are called "Polyethylene" or "Polypropylene" these types of plastics have the property of being opaque, white, transparent or colored according to its crystal structure or particle size, the monomers such as polyethylene terephthalate may exist both as an amorphous (transparent) or as a semi-crystalline polymer, the transparent semi-crystalline material which its monomer is (2-β-hydroxy terephthalate) can be synthesized by a reaction called esterification between the terephthalic acid and ethylene-glycol with water as a byproduct, or by reacting transesterification between ethylene glycol terephthalate "dimethyl" with methanol as a byproduct, the polymerization is made through a polycondensation reaction of monomers immediately after the esterification or trans-esterification) using the water as a byproduct. But let’s leave these industrial procedures to the chemical and material engineers who work on the plant and let’s take over the whole production process.

 

The different plastics and rubbers are a permanent source of polymers that can be easily found among the metropolitan waste and are all able to be recycled indefinitely in order to be converted into new products for endless purposes. Venezuela has always been a big consumer of these products sold by industrialized countries who manufacture all these elements derived from the oil that we sell to them. Don’t you think it's time for us to make our own products from our own oil? Why keep paying millions of dollars for foreign goods taken from our own hydro-carbons, rather than make them ourselves with a recycling plant whose raw material won't cost us anything? (Are we perhaps incapable to do so?)
We are in the year 2014 and we are still almost one hundred percent dependent on foreign plastics.

 

                                             DON’T  YOU THINK IT'S TIME TO CHANGE?